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Every injection, dressing or extraction leaves behind waste that the law does not let you throw in the ordinary bin. The rules look numerous, but they come down to a few steps done right every day: separate at the point of generation, use the right container, label it, store it only as long as allowed and hand it over to an authorized company.
This guide summarizes what Romanian Minister of Health Order 1226/2012, the act in force for waste from medical activities, requires: categories and codes, containers, the label, storage, hand-over and records. The text was checked on the Ministry of Justice legislative portal in October 2026: the order and its technical rules have not been amended since publication.
The order applies to all units carrying out medical activities, whatever their legal form: hospitals, clinics, medical and dental practices, laboratories. The technical rules also explicitly mention activities related to medical ones, such as beauty and body care practices, palliative care and home care, and set the duties of the person designated there to coordinate the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of their own waste (Article 68).
The basic rule is separation. Producers of medical waste must collect it separately by type and must not mix hazardous waste types with each other or with non-hazardous waste. If separation is not done, the whole quantity that hazardous waste got into is treated as hazardous waste (Article 12).
Each unit draws up its own medical waste management plan. Applying the order and having the plan are mandatory for the annual endorsement of the sanitary operating authorization.
Units generating less than 300 kg of hazardous waste per year need not draw up the plan, but they follow the technical rules and report the quantities produced.
The rules use the codes of the waste list approved by Government Decision 856/2002. Codes marked with an asterisk are hazardous waste (Article 8).
| Code | Category | Examples given in the order |
|---|---|---|
| 18 01 01 | Sharps that have not touched potentially infectious material | Needles, catheters, syringes with needles, IV cannulas, scalpel blades, broken glassware, single-use, unused or past their expiry date |
| 18 01 03* | Infectious waste | Anything that has come into contact with blood or other body fluids: gloves, gauze swabs, dressings, tubes, infusion sets with tubing, surgical drapes, used laboratory materials; and contaminated sharps |
| 18 01 02 | Anatomical and pathological waste | Human tissue fragments and organs, biopsy material, blood containers and blood; all are considered infectious |
| 18 01 04 | Waste without special requirements | Uncontaminated clothing and linen, plaster casts, containers that held medicines other than cytotoxic and cytostatic ones |
| 18 01 06* | Hazardous chemicals | Acids, bases, solvents, fixing or developing solutions, concentrated disinfectants, formaldehyde solutions |
| 18 01 07 | Non-hazardous chemicals | Low-concentration disinfectants, cleaning agents, antiseptic solutions |
| 18 01 10* | Dental amalgam waste | Amalgam capsules or residues, extracted teeth with amalgam fillings |
Containers for hazardous medical waste are yellow or marked in yellow (Article 14).
Non-hazardous waste goes into black bags labeled "Deșeuri nepericuloase" (non-hazardous waste); if none are available, into clear colorless bags (Article 30).
The mandatory pictogram for infectious waste, including on the bins holding the bags (Articles 15–16).
Hazardous chemicals carry the pictograms for their properties: "Flammable", "Corrosive", "Toxic" and so on (Article 15).
| Category | Container | What the order requires |
|---|---|---|
| Sharps | Rigid yellow plastic container with the "Biohazard" pictogram | A lid through which waste cannot be removed, openings for detaching needles and blades, temporary and final closure, a handle, leak-proof and stable on the treatment table; tested to SR 13481/2003 or other European standards |
| Infectious, non-sharp | Cardboard box with a yellow bag inside, or a yellow bag | Polyethylene of 50–70 microns, single-use seals, continuous welds; the bag is filled to three quarters at most and, without a box, sits in a pedal bin with a lid or in a lidded bag holder |
| Anatomical and pathological | Rigid cardboard box with a bag, or a rigid plastic container with a sealed lid, marked yellow | Disposed of by incineration |
| Hazardous chemicals | Special containers marked with the hazard | At most 5 l for liquids or 5 kg for solids; the full outer packaging does not exceed 30 kg |
| Dental amalgam | Sealable containers | Collected by authorized companies for recovery |
| Non-hazardous | Black bags | Labeled "non-hazardous waste" |
Boxes, bags and containers for hazardous waste are marked and labeled in Romanian with the same information (Articles 16, 18, 20 and 22).
2Pictogram "Biohazard"
3Capacity: 5 l
4Instructions for use: close permanently at the fill line
5Maximum fill line marked on the container
6In use from: 00.00.0000
7Unit and department: Dental practice, room 2
8Person responsible for handling: full name
9Filled and closed on: 00.00.0000
10UN marking to ADR
Every healthcare unit must have a central temporary storage area, with a locked compartment for hazardous waste and one for non-hazardous waste (Article 32). Cardboard boxes are kept on dry surfaces (Article 16).
Sharps containers, boxes with yellow bags, Biohazard bags and boxes for anatomical and pathological waste, in the infectious waste category of the Prima Shop catalog.
Not necessarily. If only the needles are collected in the rigid container, syringes without needles may be collected together with the other infectious waste, in the yellow box or bag (Article 19 of the rules approved by Order 1226/2012).
For at most 7 days, provided the temperature is constantly below 4 °C (Article 34(2)). For other units the limit is 48 hours, except in spaces cooled below 4 °C with automatic temperature monitoring, where it is 7 days.
Units generating less than 300 kg of hazardous waste per year are exempt from their own plan, but they must follow the technical rules and report the quantities and how the waste was managed (Article 7(7) of the order).
Yes, if they have come into contact with blood or other body fluids. The order lists them explicitly under code 18 01 03*, together with dressings, tubes and other contaminated single-use materials.
The rules list beauty and body care practices among activities related to medical ones and set the duties of the person designated there: coordinating and being responsible for the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of their own waste (Article 68).
No. The container in direct contact with hazardous waste is single-use and is disposed of together with its contents (Article 13), and the final closure system prevents it from being reopened.
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